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eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE _eeee_nnnn_vvvv_iiii_rrrr_oooo_nnnn - user environment DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN When a process begins execution, _eeee_xxxx_eeee_cccc routines make available an array of strings called the environment (see _eeee_xxxx_eeee_cccc(2)). By convention, these strings have the form _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e=_v_a_l_u_e, for example, _PPPP_AAAA_TTTT_HHHH_====_////_ssss_bbbb_iiii_nnnn_::::_////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_ssss_bbbb_iiii_nnnn. These environmental variables provide a way to make information about a program's environment available to programs. The following environmental variables can be used by applications and are expected to be set in the target runtime environment. _HHHH_OOOO_MMMM_EEEE The name of the user's login directory, set by _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn(1) from the password file (see _pppp_aaaa_ssss_ssss_wwww_dddd(4)). _LLLL_AAAA_NNNN_GGGG The program's locale. Locales consist of files that describe the conventions appropriate to some nationality, culture, and language. Generally, users determine which files are selected by manipulating the environment variables described below. For background, see _ssss_eeee_tttt_llll_oooo_cccc_aaaa_llll_eeee(3C). Locales are partitioned into categories _LLLL_CCCC______CCCC_OOOO_LLLL_LLLL_AAAA_TTTT_EEEE, _LLLL_CCCC______CCCC_TTTT_YYYY_PPPP_EEEE, _LLLL_CCCC______MMMM_EEEE_SSSS_SSSS_AAAA_GGGG_EEEE_SSSS, _LLLL_CCCC______MMMM_OOOO_NNNN_EEEE_TTTT_AAAA_RRRR_YYYY, _LLLL_CCCC______NNNN_UUUU_MMMM_EEEE_RRRR_IIII_CCCC, and _LLLL_CCCC______TTTT_IIII_MMMM_EEEE (see below for what the categories control). Each category has a corresponding environment variable that the user can set to specify that category's locale: _LLLL_CCCC______CCCC_TTTT_YYYY_PPPP_EEEE_====_ffff_rrrr[ancais] The _LLLL_AAAA_NNNN_GGGG environment variable is searched if the environment variable for a category is unset or empty: _LLLL_AAAA_NNNN_GGGG_====_ffff_rrrr _LLLL_CCCC______CCCC_OOOO_LLLL_LLLL_AAAA_TTTT_EEEE_====_dddd_eeee[utsche] sets all the categories but _LLLL_CCCC______CCCC_OOOO_LLLL_LLLL_AAAA_TTTT_EEEE to French. If _LLLL_AAAA_NNNN_GGGG is unset or empty, the default _CCCC locale is used. _LLLL_CCCC______CCCC_OOOO_LLLL_LLLL_AAAA_TTTT_EEEE specifies the collation order used. The information for this category is stored in a database created by the _cccc_oooo_llll_llll_tttt_bbbb_llll(1M) command. This environment variable affects _ssss_oooo_rrrr_tttt(1), _ssss_tttt_rrrr_cccc_oooo_llll_llll(3C), and _ssss_tttt_rrrr_xxxx_ffff_rrrr_mmmm(3C). _LLLL_CCCC______CCCC_TTTT_YYYY_PPPP_EEEE specifies character classification, character conversion, and widths of multibyte characters. The information for this category is stored in a database created by the _cccc_hhhh_rrrr_tttt_bbbb_llll(1M) or _wwww_cccc_hhhh_rrrr_tttt_bbbb_llll(1M) commands. The default _CCCC locale uses the 7-bit US ASCII character set. This environment variable affects many commands and functions, among PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111 eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) them, _cccc_aaaa_tttt(1), _eeee_dddd(1), _llll_ssss(1), _vvvv_iiii(1), _cccc_tttt_yyyy_pppp_eeee(3C), and _mmmm_bbbb_cccc_hhhh_aaaa_rrrr(3C), _LLLL_CCCC______MMMM_EEEE_SSSS_SSSS_AAAA_GGGG_EEEE_SSSS specifies the message database used. A command or application may have French and German message databases, for example. Message databases are created by the _mmmm_kkkk_mmmm_ssss_gggg_ssss(1) or _gggg_eeee_nnnn_cccc_aaaa_tttt(1) commands. This environment variable affects _gggg_eeee_tttt_tttt_xxxx_tttt(1), _ssss_rrrr_cccc_hhhh_tttt_xxxx_tttt(1), _cccc_aaaa_tttt_gggg_eeee_tttt_ssss(3C), and _gggg_eeee_tttt_tttt_xxxx_tttt(3C), and every command that generates locale-specific output messages. _LLLL_CCCC______MMMM_OOOO_NNNN_EEEE_TTTT_AAAA_RRRR_YYYY specifies the monetary symbols and delimiters used. The information for this category is stored in a database created by the _mmmm_oooo_nnnn_tttt_bbbb_llll(1M) command. This environment variable affects _llll_oooo_cccc_aaaa_llll_eeee_cccc_oooo_nnnn_vvvv(3C). _LLLL_CCCC______NNNN_UUUU_MMMM_EEEE_RRRR_IIII_CCCC specifies the decimal and thousands delimiters. The information for this category is stored in a database created by the _cccc_hhhh_rrrr_tttt_bbbb_llll(1M) or _wwww_cccc_hhhh_rrrr_tttt_bbbb_llll(1M) commands. The default _CCCC locale uses a period (_....) as the decimal delimiter and no thousands delimiter. This environment variable affects _llll_oooo_cccc_aaaa_llll_eeee_cccc_oooo_nnnn_vvvv(3C), _pppp_rrrr_iiii_nnnn_tttt_ffff(3S), _ssss_cccc_aaaa_nnnn_ffff(3S), and _ssss_tttt_rrrr_tttt_oooo_dddd(3C). _LLLL_CCCC______TTTT_IIII_MMMM_EEEE specifies date and time formats. The information for this category is stored in a database specified in _ssss_tttt_rrrr_ffff_tttt_iiii_mmmm_eeee(4). The default _CCCC locale uses US date and time formats. This environment variable affects many commands and functions, among them, _aaaa_tttt(1), _cccc_aaaa_llll_eeee_nnnn_dddd_aaaa_rrrr(1), _dddd_aaaa_tttt_eeee(1), _gggg_eeee_tttt_dddd_aaaa_tttt_eeee(3C), and _ssss_tttt_rrrr_ffff_tttt_iiii_mmmm_eeee(3C). _MMMM_SSSS_GGGG_VVVV_EEEE_RRRR_BBBB Controls which standard format message components _ffff_mmmm_tttt_mmmm_ssss_gggg selects when messages are displayed to _ssss_tttt_dddd_eeee_rrrr_rrrr (see _ffff_mmmm_tttt_mmmm_ssss_gggg(1) and _ffff_mmmm_tttt_mmmm_ssss_gggg(3C)). _NNNN_OOOO_MMMM_SSSS_GGGG_LLLL_AAAA_BBBB_EEEE_LLLL Used to turn off the label portion of _pppp_ffff_mmmm_tttt message component. (see _pppp_ffff_mmmm_tttt(3C)). _NNNN_OOOO_MMMM_SSSS_GGGG_SSSS_EEEE_VVVV_EEEE_RRRR_IIII_TTTT_YYYY Used to turn off the severity portion of _pppp_ffff_mmmm_tttt message component. (see _pppp_ffff_mmmm_tttt(3C)). _SSSS_EEEE_VVVV______LLLL_EEEE_VVVV_EEEE_LLLL Defines severity levels and associates and prints strings with them in standard format error messages (see _aaaa_dddd_dddd_ssss_eeee_vvvv_eeee_rrrr_iiii_tttt_yyyy(3C), _ffff_mmmm_tttt_mmmm_ssss_gggg(1), and _ffff_mmmm_tttt_mmmm_ssss_gggg(3C)). PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222 eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) _NNNN_LLLL_SSSS_PPPP_AAAA_TTTT_HHHH Contains a sequence of templates which _cccc_aaaa_tttt_oooo_pppp_eeee_nnnn(3C) uses when attempting to locate message catalogs. Each template consists of an optional prefix, one or more substitution fields, a filename, and an optional suffix. For example: NLSPATH="/system/nlslib/%N.cat" defines that _cccc_aaaa_tttt_oooo_pppp_eeee_nnnn should look for all message catalogs in the directory _////_ssss_yyyy_ssss_tttt_eeee_mmmm_////_nnnn_llll_ssss_llll_iiii_bbbb, where the catalog name should be constructed from the _n_a_m_e parameter passed to _cccc_aaaa_tttt_oooo_pppp_eeee_nnnn, _%%%%_NNNN, with the suffix _...._cccc_aaaa_tttt. Substitution fields consist of a _%%%% symbol, followed by a single-letter keyword. The following keywords are currently defined: ______________________________________________________________________________ %N The value of the _n_a_m_e parameter passed to _cccc_aaaa_tttt_oooo_pppp_eeee_nnnn. %L The value of _LLLL_AAAA_NNNN_GGGG environment variable if _o_f_l_a_g is 0. The value of _LLLL_CCCC______MMMM_EEEE_SSSS_SSSS_AAAA_GGGG_EEEE_SSSS category if _o_f_l_a_g is _NNNN_LLLL______CCCC_AAAA_TTTT______LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_AAAA_LLLL_EEEE. %l The language element from _LLLL_AAAA_NNNN_GGGG environment variable if _o_f_l_a_g is 0. The language element from _LLLL_CCCC______MMMM_EEEE_SSSS_SSSS_AAAA_GGGG_EEEE_SSSS category if _o_f_l_a_g is _NNNN_LLLL______CCCC_AAAA_TTTT______LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_AAAA_LLLL_EEEE. %t The territory element from _LLLL_AAAA_NNNN_GGGG environment variable if _o_f_l_a_g is 0. The territory element from _LLLL_CCCC______MMMM_EEEE_SSSS_SSSS_AAAA_GGGG_EEEE_SSSS category if _o_f_l_a_g is _NNNN_LLLL______CCCC_AAAA_TTTT______LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_AAAA_LLLL_EEEE. %c The codeset element from _LLLL_AAAA_NNNN_GGGG environment variable if _o_f_l_a_g is 0. The codeset element from _LLLL_CCCC______MMMM_EEEE_SSSS_SSSS_AAAA_GGGG_EEEE_SSSS category if _o_f_l_a_g is _NNNN_LLLL______CCCC_AAAA_TTTT______LLLL_OOOO_CCCC_AAAA_LLLL_EEEE. %% A single _%%%% character. ______________________________________________________________________________ ||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||| where _o_f_l_a_g is a second argument of _c_a_t_o_p_e_n. An empty string is substituted if the specified value is not currently defined. The separators ``_____'' and ``_....'' are not included in _%%%%_tttt and _%%%%_cccc substitutions. Templates defined in _NNNN_LLLL_SSSS_PPPP_AAAA_TTTT_HHHH are separated by colons (_::::). A leading colon or two adjacent colons (_::::_::::) is equivalent to specifying _%%%%_NNNN. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333 eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) For example: NLSPATH=":%N.cat:/nlslib/%L/%N.cat" indicates to _cccc_aaaa_tttt_oooo_pppp_eeee_nnnn that it should look for the requested message catalog in _n_a_m_e, _n_a_m_e_...._cccc_aaaa_tttt, and _////_nnnn_llll_ssss_llll_iiii_bbbb_////_$$$$_LLLL_AAAA_NNNN_GGGG_////_n_a_m_e_4444 _dddd_eeee_ffff_...._cccc_aaaa_tttt (if _o_f_l_a_g is set to 0). _LLLL_DDDD______LLLL_IIII_BBBB_RRRR_AAAA_RRRR_YYYY______PPPP_AAAA_TTTT_HHHH Can override the normal library search paths (/lib:/lib/cmplrs/cc:/usr/lib:/usr/lib/cmplrs/cc) (For more detail, see _rrrr_llll_dddd(1).) ______RRRR_LLLL_DDDD______AAAA_RRRR_GGGG_SSSS Can specify runtime linker options. (For more detail, see _rrrr_llll_dddd(1).) _PPPP_AAAA_TTTT_HHHH The sequence of directory prefixes that _ssss_hhhh(1), _tttt_iiii_mmmm_eeee(1), _nnnn_iiii_cccc_eeee(1), _nnnn_oooo_hhhh_uuuu_pppp(1), and so on apply in searching for a file known by an incomplete pathname. The prefixes are separated by colons (_::::). _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn(1) sets _PPPP_AAAA_TTTT_HHHH_====_::::_////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_ssss_bbbb_iiii_nnnn_::::_////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_bbbb_ssss_dddd_::::_////_ssss_bbbb_iiii_nnnn_::::_////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_bbbb_iiii_nnnn_::::_////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_bbbb_iiii_nnnn_////_XXXX_1111_1111. (For more detail, see _llll_oooo_gggg_iiii_nnnn(1) and _ssss_hhhh(1).) _SSSS_HHHH_EEEE_LLLL_LLLL When the shell is invoked, it scans the environment for this name. If it is found and _rrrr_ssss_hhhh is the filename part of its value, the shell becomes a restricted shell. The value of this variable should be specified with an absolute pathname. The variable is used by _mmmm_aaaa_kkkk_eeee(1), _kkkk_ssss_hhhh(1), _ssss_hhhh(1), and _vvvv_iiii(1), among other commands. _TTTT_EEEE_RRRR_MMMM The kind of terminal for which output is to be prepared. This information is used by commands, such as _mmmm_mmmm(1) or _vvvv_iiii(1), which may exploit special capabilities of that terminal. _TTTT_ZZZZ Time zone information. The contents of the environment variable named _TTTT_ZZZZ are used by the functions _cccc_tttt_iiii_mmmm_eeee(3C), _llll_oooo_cccc_aaaa_llll_tttt_iiii_mmmm_eeee (see _cccc_tttt_iiii_mmmm_eeee(3C)), _ssss_tttt_rrrr_ffff_tttt_iiii_mmmm_eeee(3C), and _mmmm_kkkk_tttt_iiii_mmmm_eeee(3C) to override the default timezone. If the first character of _TTTT_ZZZZ is a colon (_::::), the behavior is implementation-defined. In this implementation, it is the name (not including the starting colon (_::::) character) of a zoneinfo file relative to _////_uuuu_ssss_rrrr_////_llll_iiii_bbbb_////_llll_oooo_cccc_aaaa_llll_eeee_////_TTTT_ZZZZ_////. For sssshhhh((((1111)))) users, the following example sets the TZ variable to US Central timezone: TTTTZZZZ====::::UUUUSSSS////CCCCeeeennnnttttrrrraaaallll and the zoneinfo file /usr/lib/locale/TZ/US/Central will be used by the time functions mentioned above (See _zzzz_iiii_cccc(1M) for more information on zoneinfo files). Otherwise, _TTTT_ZZZZ has the form: PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444 eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) _s_t_d_o_f_f_s_e_t_[[[[_d_s_t_[[[[_o_f_f_s_e_t_]]]]_,,,,_[[[[_s_t_a_r_t_[[[[_////_t_i_m_e_]]]]_,,,,_e_n_d_[[[[_////_t_i_m_e_]]]]_]]]]_]]]] _s_t_d and _d_s_t Three or more bytes that are the designation for the standard (_s_t_d) and daylight savings time (_d_s_t) timezones. Only _s_t_d is required, if _d_s_t is missing, then daylight savings time does not apply in this locale. Upper- and lowercase letters are allowed. Any characters except a leading colon (_::::), digits, a comma (_,,,,), a minus (_----), or a plus (_++++) are allowed. _o_f_f_s_e_t Indicates the value one must add to the local time to arrive at Coordinated Universal Time. The offset has the form: _h_h_[[[[_::::_m_m_[[[[_::::_s_s_]]]]_]]]] The minutes (_m_m) and seconds (_s_s) are optional. The hour (_h_h) is required and may be a single digit. The _o_f_f_s_e_t following _s_t_d is required. If no _o_f_f_s_e_t follows _d_s_t , daylight savings time is assumed to be one hour ahead of standard time. One or more digits may be used; the value is always interpreted as a decimal number. The hour must be between 0 and 24, and the minutes (and seconds) if present between 0 and 59. Out of range values may cause unpredictable behavior. If preceded by a ``-'', the timezone is east of the Prime Meridian; otherwise it is west (which may be indicated by an optional preceding ``+'' sign). _s_t_a_r_t/_t_i_m_e,_e_n_d/_t_i_m_e Indicates when to change to and back from daylight savings time, where _s_t_a_r_t/_t_i_m_e describes when the change from standard time to daylight savings time occurs, and _e_n_d/_t_i_m_e describes when the change back happens. Each _t_i_m_e field describes when, in current local time, the change is made. The formats of _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d are one of the following: _JJJJ_n The Julian day _n (1 _< _n _< 365). Leap days are not counted. That is, in all years, February 28 is day 59 and March 1 is day 60. It is impossible to refer to the occasional February 29. _n The zero-based Julian day (0 _< _n _< 365). Leap days are counted, and it is possible to refer to February 29. PPPPaaaaggggeeee 5555 eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) _MMMM_m._n._d The _dth day, (0 _< _d _< 6) of week _n of month _m of the year (1 _< _n _< 5, 1 _< _m _< 12), where week 5 means ``the last _d-day in month _m'' which may occur in either the fourth or the fifth week). Week 1 is the first week in which the _dth day occurs. Day zero is Sunday. Implementation-specific defaults are used for _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d if these optional fields are not given. The _t_i_m_e has the same format as _o_f_f_s_e_t except that no leading sign (``-'' or ``+'') is allowed. The default, if _t_i_m_e is not given is 02:00:00. For example, the most complete setting for New Jersey in 1986 could be _EEEE_SSSS_TTTT_5555_::::_0000_0000_::::_0000_0000_EEEE_DDDD_TTTT_4444_::::_0000_0000_::::_0000_0000_,,,,_1111_1111_6666_////_2222_::::_0000_0000_::::_0000_0000_,,,,_2222_9999_8888_////_2222_::::_0000_0000_::::_0000_0000 or simply _EEEE_SSSS_TTTT_5555_EEEE_DDDD_TTTT In the longer version of the New Jersey example of _TTTT_ZZZZ_,,,, _EEEE_SSSS_TTTT is the abbreviation for the main time zone, _5555_::::_0000_0000_::::_0000_0000 is the difference, in hours, minutes, and seconds between GMT and the main time zone, _EEEE_DDDD_TTTT is the abbreviation for the alternate time zone, _4444_::::_0000_0000_::::_0000_0000 is the difference, in hours, minutes, and seconds between GMT and the alternate time zone, _1111_1111_6666 is the number of the day of the year (Julian day) when the alternate time zone will take effect, _2222_::::_0000_0000_::::_0000_0000 is the number of hours, minutes, and seconds past midnight when the alternate time zone will take effect, _2222_9999_8888 is the number of the day of the year when the alternate time zone will end, and 2:00:00 is the number of hours, minutes, and seconds past midnight when the alternate time zone will end. Timezone specifications under the IRIX 4 operating system used a ";" to separate the _d_s_t field from the _s_t_a_r_t field. In conformance with the X/Open XPG4 standard, this is no longer legal, and a "," must be used in place of the ";". Further names may be placed in the environment by the _eeee_xxxx_pppp_oooo_rrrr_tttt command and _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e arguments in _ssss_hhhh(1), or by _eeee_xxxx_eeee_cccc(2). It is unwise to conflict with certain shell variables that are frequently exported by _...._pppp_rrrr_oooo_ffff_iiii_llll_eeee files: _MMMM_AAAA_IIII_LLLL, _PPPP_SSSS_1111, _PPPP_SSSS_2222, _IIII_FFFF_SSSS (see _pppp_rrrr_oooo_ffff_iiii_llll_eeee(4)). PPPPaaaaggggeeee 6666 eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) eeeennnnvvvviiiirrrroooonnnn((((5555)))) SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO cat(1), chrtbl(1M), colltbl(1M), date(1), ed(1), fmtmsg(1), gencat(1), gettxt(1), login(1), ls(1), mkmsgs(1), mm(1), montbl(1M), nice(1), nohup(1), sh(1), sort(1), srchtxt(1), time(1), vi(1), wchrtbl(1M), zdump(1M), zic(1M), exec(2), addseverity(3C), catgets(3C), catopen(3C), ctime(3C), ctype(3C), fmtmsg(3C), getdate(3C), getnetpath(3N), gettxt(3C), localeconv(3C), mbchar(3C), mktime(3C), printf(3S), scanf(3S), setlocale(3C), strcoll(3C), strftime(3C), strtod(3C), strxfrm(3C), netconfig(4), passwd(4), profile(4), strftime(4), strftime(4), timezone(4) PPPPaaaaggggeeee 7777 
